Clinical Study of Homocysteine and Cysteine Levels and Some Kidney Function Parameters with Diabetic Nephropathy in thi Qar Governorate

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most common and serious complications of long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and disturbed metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Homocysteine levels play an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic microvascular complications, particularly diabetic nephropathy. As a result, the goal of our study is to investigate the relationship between homocysteine and cysteine in diabetic patients as well as the levels of kidney function (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) in diabetic nephropathy.The results revealed that the levels of homocysteine and cysteine in patients with renal failure (11.85±1.73 nmol/ml;577.33±81.92 µmol/l), diabetic nephropathy (8.34±1.63 nmol/ml;495.23±58.76 µmol/l), and diabetes mellitus (7.56±1.44 nmol/ml;462.47±66.61 µmol/l) were considerably higher than those in healthy controls (2.89±0.43nmol/ml;347.43±25.63µmol/l).The results demonstrated a significant increase in RBS and HbA1c levels in patients with renal failure (257.40±33.64mg/dl ;8.47±1.69),Diabetic Nephropathy (215.86±17.49 mg/dl; 9.75±2.03) and Diabetes mellitus (181.41±13.00 mg/dl ;7.51±1.47) were significantly higher than in healthy controls (85.24±5.75 mg/dl ;4.98±0.41). Where a positive association existed between homocysteine levels and RBS, HbA₁c.The results demonstrated a significant rise in urea, creatinine and Urate in renal failure (82.47±18.69 mg/dl ;4.42±0.87 mg/dl ;11.31±2.43 mg/dl) and Diabetic Nephropathy (72.16±11.47 mg/dl; 2.95± 0.38 mg/dl; 8.86±1.08 mg/dl) and Diabetes Mellitus patients (33.77±9.10 mg/dl ; 0.74±0.21mg/dl ; 6.49±1.83 mg/dl) were significantly higher than in healthy controls (27.18±6.10 mg/dl ; 0.58±0.06 mg/dl ;4.73±0.84 mg/dl). There was a positive association between homocysteine levels and urea, creatinine, and Urate. According to the findings of our study, serum homocysteine levels were considerably higher in-patient groups as compared to healthy groups, and homocysteine is linked to higher levels of cysteine, RBS, HbA₁c, urea, creatinine, and urate.