Nephroprotective Effects of Pentoxifylline and Captopril against Vancomycin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Rat Model

Abstract

Background: Vancomycin, an antibacterial agent indicated to manage severe infections, it has been accompanying with nephrotoxicity, which restrict its use. Pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and Captopril, a member of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor family that is used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nephroprotective effects of pentoxifylline, and Captopril against vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats. Methods: Forty albino male rats has been randomized assigned into four groups, each with ten rats, and were treated daily for 10 days as follows: Group 1; rats were orally administered (0.5 ml/kg) dimethyl sulfoxide. Group 2: rats were treated with vancomycin (200 mg/kg/day IP). Group 3: rats were treated with (100 mg/kg/d) captopril orally and vancomycin (200 mg/kg/day IP). Group 4: rats were treated with (50 mg/kg/day IP) pentoxifylline and vancomycin (200 mg/kg/day IP). All treatments were maintained until day 10. On the eleventh day rats were euthanized and serum urea, creatinine, and tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha levels, and also tissue malondialdehyde and interlukin-6 levels, were estimated. Results: Pentoxifylline and Captopril highly significant reduced the serum urea, creatinine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, tissue malondialdehyde and interlukin-6 levels in comparison with vancomycin group. Conclusion: The present study shows that Pentoxifylline and Captopril exhibited nephroprotective effects. However, Pentoxifylline exhibited superior nephroprotective properties than Captopril.