Association Serum Level Of PD-1 Receptor with Demographic, Clinical Pathological, Hormone Receptors, Molecular and Histological Subtypes in Breast Cancer Patients

Abstract

Background: The critical role of immune checkpoints Programmed cell death receptor. Although (PD-1) has been extensively documented in a variety of malignant tumors, the basic regulatory mechanisms in breast cancer are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the change in serum PD-1 concentration in pre-treatment and post-treatment groups, as well as the correlation with hormone receptors, molecular and histological subtypes. Method: The study included 82 female breast cancer patients diagnosed before beginning treatment (pre-treatment group), 60 female breast cancer patients diagnosed after undergoing treatment (post-treatment group), and 60 healthy individuals as controls. The sPD-1 levels are measured using ELISA technique. Data on tumors were retrieved from an electronic database at the oncology centre. Results: The highest levels of sPD-1 were detected in the pre-treatment groups, followed by post-treatment groups compared to the healthy group. The age group (40-69 years) had the highest level of PD-1 (6.51±1.68ng/ml) compared to other age groups. The serum level of PD-1 was significantly associated with age (p=0.01), family history (p=0.0001), and menopausal status (p=0.04) in the pre-treatment group. The level of PD-1 was significantly associated with the histological type of tumor (p=0.01), with a higher level seen in invasive tumor types. Furthermore, PD-1 levels were higher in the invasive lobular carcinoma subtype (p=0.03). In the post-treatment period, there was a significant association between PD-1 level and estrogen receptor status. PD-1 levels were higher in estrogen receptor-negative than in estrogen receptor-positive (1.354±0.121 vs. 0.896±0.0773 ng/ml, P =0.01). The higher level of sPD-1 (7.40±1.26ng/ml) was found to be associated with the Ki-67value (>40%) in patients with breast cancer, and the lower level of sPD-1 (5.49±1.77ng/ml) was discovered in the Ki-67value (<20%). Significantly, there is a positive correlation between sPD-1 level and Ki-67 expression (p=0.004). Conclusion: There was a significant association of serum PD-1 level with invasive carcinoma, particularly in invasive lobular carcinoma of patients with breast cancer, and a positive correlation with proliferation marker Ki-67 expression.