Evaluation The Antiparkinsonian Effect of Salvia Officinalis on Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an incurable condition that causes the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compact (SNc) to degenerate locally. The formation of Lewy bodies, whose main component is aggregated -synuclein, in the surviving neurons and the specific degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), are typically considered to be the two key pathological characteristics of Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of salvia officinalis extract on the brain of animal model of Parkinson disease, and if it can show better results when given synergistically with other parkinson’s treatments due to knowledge provided from previous studies about anti-inflammatory and anti oxidant properties of salvia officinalis. Fifty male rat where divided in to five groups, group 1 ( control) does not exposed to rotenone nor receive any treatment only given normal saline for 30 days, group 2 was injected by rotenone (2.5 mg/kg) IP for 30 days without any treatment, group 3 where injected with rotenone(2.5 mg/kg) and received sinemet tablet by gavage after dissolving it with water on day 15 for 30 days also, group 4 where injected with rotenone(2.5 mg/kg) and received extract of S. Officinalis (500 mg/kg)orally by gavage on day 15 for 30 days, group 5 where injected with rotenone(2.5 mg/kg) and received extract of S. Officinalis (500 mg/kg)and sinemet tablet orally by gavage on day 15 for 30 days, the antiparkinson effect of salvia officinalis and sinemet were evaluated by using open field test, force gripping test, and rotarod test. At the end of the experiments, animals were sacrificed by decapitation, the malondialdehyde(MDA) was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays kits (Elisa) in rats blood. and number of neurons cells preserved with tyrosine hyrdroxylase(TH) enzyme and it’s intensity were determined by immunohistochemical studies on rats brain tissues. In group 2, 4, 5 there was significant decrease in weight comparing with group 1 and in group 2,3,4 there was significant decrease in no. Of rotations, rotation distance, time of rotation comparing with group1. While in group3,4,5 there was significant increase as compared with group2 in term of rotarod test (P-value <0.05). In group 2, 3, 4 there was significant decrease in crossing, rearing, grooming time, no. Of visits to central area comparing with group1. While in group3,4,5 there was significant increase as compared with group2. in term of open field test (P-value <0.05). Furthermore, In group 2, 3, 4 there was significant decrease in force gripping as compared with group1 . While in group3,4,5 there was significant increase as compared with group2 In force gripping test (P-value <0.05). In biochemical test there was significant increase in MDA level in group 2 as compared with group 1. And significant decrease in its level in group 3, 4, 5 as compared with group 2 (P-value <0.05). In immunohistochemical studies the no. Of dopaminergic neurons with +ve tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme was significantly decreased in group 2, 3, 4, 5 as compared with group 1. While there was significant increase in group 3, 4, 5 as compared with group 2,(P-value <0.05). And the histoscore of intensity of TH in neurons preserved in dopaminergic neurons was significantly decreased in group 2, 3, 4, 5 as compared with group 1. While there was significant increase in group 3, 4, 5 as compared with group 2.