Uropathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern Among Patients of Surat, Gujarat

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as worldwide problem and constitute serious risk of community acquired infections with limited number of treatments. Nowadays, Urinary Tract Infection is becoming more susceptible amongst community due to certain MDR strain in developing and developed countries, leading to difficulty for establishing controlled preventive measurements. The study is focused to investigate antimicrobial resistance pattern on 500 infected urine samples. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out as well antibiotic susceptibility test were performed. Out of the 500 samples, uropathogens were identified in 211 samples (172 Gram negative and 39 Gram positive) by standard microbiological and biochemical tests. The predominant isolates were Escherichia coli (35.07%) followed by Klebsiella spp. (19.43%), Enterococci spp. (15.6%), Pseudomonas spp. (12.79%), Citrobacter spp. (6.16%), Acenetobacter spp. (4.2%), Streptococcus spp. (2.84%) and Proteus spp.(0.9%). The highest resistance rate was registered for gram negative bacteria towards Cefixime (85.46%) followed by Cefuroxime (79.62%),    Co-Trimoxazole    (68.72%),   Ampicillin/Sulbactam     (68.60%), Ciprofloxacin    (61.53%),    Levofloxacin    (60.46%),   Ofloxacin   (58.72%), Meropenem   (54.65%),   Cefoperazone/   Sulbactum   (51.16%),   Amikacin (40.69%), Netillin (39.53%) and Nitrofurantoin (35.46%). The resistance rate for gram positive bacteria was highest for Cefuroxime (79.35%), Cefoxitin (79.35%), Penicillin-G (76.92%), Azithromycin (76.00%), Ciprofloxacin (71.79%), Clindamycin (76.00%), Amoxyclav (69.23%), Co-Trimoxazole (66.66%),Levofloxacin (30.76%),Vancomycin (23.07%),Linezolid (23.07%) and Teicoplanin (18.18%).