A Review on Pharmacological Activities of Gardenia Jasminoides (Rubiaceae) A Plant Having Immense Medicinal Potentiality

Abstract

Various medicinally active plants are used in India's folk medicine, Ayurveda and Unani. Indian Vaids, Unani hakims, European and Mediterranean cultures used different parts of the plants like bark, leaves, flower, and roots used for treating disease for over 4000 years as medicine. Therefore, herbal medicine is gradually increasing in all developed and developing countries. Gardenia jasminoides belong to the family Rubiaceae, generally known as Cape jasmine in Assam, Gandhraj in Bengali, Anant in Marathi, etc. It is widely available in the many states of India, like West Bengal, Gujrat, Eastern Himalayas, etc., and many countries like Japan, China, Africa, etc. This evergreen plant is a promising aromatic medicinal plant as per Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani. An extensive literature survey found that different parts of the plant exhibit significant therapeutic impact. This article's major goal is to highlight the plant's Phytochemicals and pharmacological properties. Various organic solvent extraction of the different parts of the plant reported the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, organic acids, saffron glycosides, monoterpenes, triterpenoids, alkaloids, etc. These are responsible for showing potent pharmacological activities like anti-hyperglycemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-cancer, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-thrombotic, anti-microbial, antibacterial, cytotoxic, antioxidants, astringent, emollient, refrigerant, and diuretic, etc. Hence we can conclude that Gandhraj is an important medicinal plant that could be used to develop new drug formulations, which could be used to improve our health conditions.