Maternal Obesity and Risk of Caesarean Delivery in Erbil City

Abstract

Background and objectives: Worldwide the numbers and rate of Obesity is increasing in adults and especially in women during reproductive ages. In addition, the Obesity has a great effect on the type of Delivery, especially a great number of them will become Cesarean. Cesarean delivery (C-section) is a surgical procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. "Obesity is defined as increase in body weight due to excessive fat accumulation. It is the most common nutritional disorder in the affluent industrialized and developed world”. The BMI is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2) Calculated BMI values are available in various chart and according to BMI as follows: normal is 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, overweight is 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, and obese is ≥30 kg/m2. Obesity is additionally divided into: class 1 is 30 to 34.9 kg/m2, class 2 is35 to 39.9 kg/m2, and class 3 is ≥40 kg/m2. Class 3 obesity is often referred to as unhealthy. This study aimed is to assess the maternal obesity and the risk of cesarean delivery: Assess socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women, Explain the effect of Obesity on the Type of Delivery and Find out association factors between the socio-demographics, type of delivery and the obesity. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design carried out by the researchers on pregnant women’s in Maternity Teaching Hospital; A convenient sampling technique was used to gathering information from a sample of 97 pregnant women’s in Hospital involves all ages. The study conducted during 1st of January until 31st of march 2022. The researchers used a modified questionnaire for data collection. Results: The result showed that most cesarean cases were among age of 26-35 that was 60.8%. Nearly have equal result regarding residency. The majority of women 85.6% were housewife. The lowest number 8.3% have more than 16 years of marriage history, while most of them 39.6% had less than 6 years. Regarding medical data of mothers, most of them 45.4% had 3-4 gravida, and 59.8% had 2-4 para, and 89.7% had less than one abortion. The clear things regarding type of delivery result showed that majority of women 72.2% were elective cesarean. Most of mother regarding Body mass index were above 30 BMI. In conclusion the results have found that there is a great association between obesity and risk of been cesarean. Conclusions: This study showed a great association between BMI and increased risk of cesarean delivery. Caesarean is more amongst obese groups than the non-obese. This case control study has proven that maternal obesity is a significant risk factor for Caesarean section, Obesity rate has rapidly increased in the general population in house wife ,the cesarean section rate in the Multi (with Cesarean) women was much higher than the Multi (without cesarean).