Side effects caused by biomaterials used in dentistry

Abstract

Introduction: A dental biomaterial is any material used in dental practice, except drugs, that interact with living tissues and perform a particular function without causing local or systemic damage to the host, so the objective of this bibliographic review is to present the main adverse effects caused by the most used dental biomaterials in dentistry.Methodology: The search criteria complied with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA) guidelines. The following databases were searched: 1) MEDLINE through PubMed and 2) Elsevier through ScienceDirect. The strategy used was: (Biocompatible Dental Materials) AND (Side Effects).Results: Eight studies were included in the bibliographic review, seven in vitro studies and one in vivo study that analyzed the cytotoxicity of nine pulp capping materials, four obturation cements, four restorative base materials for subgingival margin elevation, seven universal adhesive systems, four indirect restorative materials, seven denture adhesives, two sodium fluoride varnishes, three direct restorative materials. All materials showed variable levels of cytotoxicity, from null to severe.Conclusions: The most biocompatible materials were ProRoot, BioRoot-RCS, Bulk Flow, Optibond Solo Plus, Adhese Universal, Vita Enamic, Lava Ultimate, Vita AC-12, InSync, Poligrip Flavor Free Fixative Cream Ketac Molar, Ionofil Molar, Twinky Star. While the least biocompatible were Biopulp, Durphat, Fixodent Pro Duo Protection and Fixodent Pro-Plus Duo Protection.