Isolation And Identification of Fungi Contaminated with Cardamom and Black Pepper and Detection of Mycotoxins Produced from Them in Al-Najaf Governorate

Abstract

the current study included the isolation and identification of fungi in some types of spices contaminated with fungi in the province of Najaf, Samples of spices were collected in August of the year 2022 from two different places in Al-Najaf Governorate, which included the city center and a spice store belonging to the Saffron Company, where 2 samples were collected from the two places at a rate of 100 grams for each sample, and these samples were placed in tightly closed bags to ensure that the sample was not contaminated. From the air, the name of the sample, the date of taking the sample, the place and its number were written on it, then it was transferred to the Graduate Studies Laboratory / College of Education for Girls / Department of Life Sciences / University of Kufa and kept at the temperature of the laboratory until investigation of fungal isolates within a period not exceeding 3 days. where potato dextrose medium PDA was used to grow the fungus, and the results of sequence showed that the fungus found in cardamom is Aspergillus flavus and in Black pepper is Aspergillus niger, and the results appeared in Aspergillus flavus isolated from cardamom, the percentage of mycotoxins were as follows: aflatoxin 0,0 ochratoxin1,3, and T2 33,2, As for the results of the toxins isolated from the black peper the fungus Asparigllus niger, they were as follows: Afha 1.1, Ochratoxin 2,4, and T2 9,3. while growing the fungus in the above-described method, but on day 28, it showed that the percentage of aspergillus flavus in afla 0,0, ochratoxin 1, and T2 19,6 While the results of Aspergillus niger for aflatoxin8.5 and ochratoxin 6,9 and T2 54,2