Serum Levels of Angiotensin II with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Nephropathy Patients

Abstract

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Chronic hyperglycemia and high blood pressure are the main risk factors for the development of DN. 30%–40% of patients with diabetes develop DN, of which 5%–10% eventually progress to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The present study was performed for the evaluation of Angiotensin II levels and their relationship with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy in Al-Qadisiyah Province. To achieve this aim, 100 samples were collected, divided into 2 groups: those who are 40 Type 1 diabetes patients (20 T1DM with nephropathy and 20 T1DM without nephropathy); 40 Type II diabetes patients (20 T2DM with nephropathy and 20 T2DM without nephropathy); and healthy controls. Samples were collected from Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital and Diabetes Center in Al-Qadisiyah Province from March 2022 to December 2022. Five milliliters of venous blood samples were obtained from each person under sterile conditions. Serum Ang-II (Angiotensin II) concentrations were estimated by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. The data were analyzed using a variety of statistical methods. The results showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in serum Ang-II (Angiotensin II) in all patient groups, compared to diabetic subjects and healthy controls. Conclusions. Ang-II (Angiotensin II) is considered a very good diagnostic marker in type 1 diabetes and a good diagnostic marker in type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy. This indicates that angiotensin II plays an important role in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.