Prognostic Value of Interleukin-10 and TNF-a in Patients with Ventricular Septal Defect

Abstract

Background: One of the congenital disabilities most prevalent forms is congenital heart disease (CHD). Previous research found that the incidence of CHD is only 0.1% and that medication may be stopped if it has undesirable results. Ventriculoventricular septal defect is a common CHD (VSD). Abnormalities are frequently seen with VSD and are brought on by insufficient ventricular septal development during the embryonic stage. It poses a serious risk to one's life and requires extensive surgery. All forms of CHD occur 75 times per 1,000 live births, with moderate and severe versions occurring 6 times per 1,000 live births. Methods: Between October 2021 and January 2022, 80 patients (18 men and 22 women) were examined at the Al-Diwaniyah Teaching Hospital for Medicine, the Al-Diwaniyah Center for Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization, and the AL-Najaf Center for Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiac Catheterization. Three milliliters of blood were aseptically transferred to a sterile Gel tube using disposable syringes, left to clot at room temperature, and then centrifuged at 2500 rpm for 10 minutes in order to prevent repeated thawing and freezing for the measurement of IL-10 TNF- and using the ELISA method. Once the serum had been separated, it was stored in Eppendorf tubes and kept at -20 C until it was needed again. Results: The mean age of VSD patients was 10.52 ± 6.47, and that of RTI patients was 14.05 ± 9.91 years, and there was no significant difference between patients and RTI patients in mean age (P = 0.065). VSD patients’ group included 22 (55.00 %) males and 18 (45.00 %), females. In contrast, RTI patients had 19 (47.50 %) males and 21 (52.50 %) females, and there was no significant difference in the frequency distribution of VSD patients and RTI patients according to gender (P = 0.502). Median levels of serum IL-10 in patients with ventricular septal defect were higher than in comparison the median levels of RTI patients groups, 213.53 (33.13) pg/ml versus 32.75 (71.46) pg/ml; the difference was highly significant (P < 0.001). Median levels of serum TNF-α in patients with ventricular septal defect were higher than in comparison the median levels of RTI patients groups, 5728.14 (1184.34) pg/ml versus 1316.07 (1946.60) pg/ml; the difference was highly significant (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Patients with ventricular septal defect complicated by respiratory tract infection had considerably higher serum levels of IL-10 and TNF- than controls. This discovery may significantly impact the ventricular septal defect disease process's worsening progression.