Effect of different concentrations of extract of Urtica dioica and Cladosporium cladosporiodes on Tribolium castaneum or: Coleoptera after 24-48 hours of exposure in Samarra City/Iraq

Abstract

A current study is conducted to test the efficacy of the effect of different concentrations of the filtrate of the fungus Cladosporium. cladosporiodes and the alcoholic extract of the Nettle plant (Urtica dioica) (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) on adults of the red rusty flour beetle ( Tribolium castaneum) and the study revealed the following: The superiority of U. dioica extract, The it is in the killing rate, and this is due to the cumulative effect of the toxic substances in the extract at 100% concentrations. The lowest percentage killed after 24 hours of exposure is (1.33) at a concentration of 25% in 24 hours and the lowest killing rate of the filtrate of the fungus C. cladosporiodes is (6.67) in 24 hours. The use of the fungus C.cladosporium in terms of the killing percentage, is slightly lower, around (8.67), at 100% concentrations in 48 hours, while the lowest percentage killed after 24 hours of exposure the filtrate of the fungus C. cladosporiodes  is (7.67) at a concentration of 25% in 24 hours. The C. cladosporiodes infiltrate achieved the highest death rate for the whole, which is 8.67 insects at a concentration of 100%, while when using the alcoholic Nettle plant extract, the death rate is 8 insects at a concentration of 100%, and when using the aqueous plant extract, the death rate is 4.67 insects at 100% concentration.