Biological Treatment of Contaminated Water with Petroleum Hydrocarbons: A Review

Abstract

Petroleum pollution has developed into a significant environmental issue that could have a negative impact on both human health and the environment. Both artificial and natural sources contribute to environmental pollution. Numerous physicochemical and biological therapies were devised for the remediation of contaminated settings. The most fundamental and effective method of getting rid of toxins, notably petroleum and its refractory components, is bioremediation, which relies on the metabolic powers of microorganisms. It is a better solution than traditional remedial procedures. It has successfully applied several bioremediation strategies using bioaugmentation or/and biostimulation. Optimizing many factors to produce successful bioremediation methods has drawn more attention. In the study, the different treatment methods will be reviewed to remove hydrocarbons from the aquatic environment and focus on the efficiency of algae in removal, with a review of the most important factors affecting the removal process.