Histological features of Glomerulonephritis in adult with Nephritic Syndrome

Abstract

Background: Nephritic syndrome refers as kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete an excessive amount of protein in the urine. It's usually results from damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste and extra water from the blood. The condition causes swelling, particularly in the feet and ankles, and increases the risk of other health problems. One form of glomerulonephritis of special interest is membranous nephropathy. In nondiabetic adults like some cases in the current study, membranous nephropathy is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome. Methods: Renal biopsy is still the compulsory method to establish diagnosis and to offer the information about the severity of renal damage. Histological examination of 30 adults male and female cases of kidney specimen of 22-50 years old from Al Kut city, Wasit, Iraq. Routine tissue sections prepared and stained in different stains included hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), silver stain and Masson's trichrome stain. All biopsies were subjected to light microscope. The histopathological spectrum was analyzed according to the various clinical parameters as hypertension history of four years ago on irregular treatment, complaining of bilateral leg swelling for the last four years and no diabetic. Results: Examination of kidney sections revealed that at least one glomerulus from 11 glomeruli showed segmental sclerotic changes, no crescents formation. Focal adhesion to Bowman's capsule seen in two glomeruli, eight of eleven glomeruli are increased in size with no significant thickening of glomerular basement membrane, mild lobular accentuation and generally patent capillary lumens. Mesangial expansion by PAS and Trichome red positive matrix with only few intra glomerular lymphocytic infiltrations seen in few glomeruli. Microscopical findings of interitem showed no fibrosis or tubular atrophic changes with focal mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration.