The effect of thermal collection on the characteristics of the yield and its components for the flowering and maturation stages in coarse wheat (Triticum durum)

Abstract

This study was conducted during the agricultural season 2021-2022 at the Agricultural Research and Experiment Station at the College of Agriculture at the University of Kirkuk, using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) and with three replications, each block included (20) twenty experimental units of wheat. Hard, use of the Zadok scale for crop growth in four stages (flowering stage, lactic maturity stage, doughy maturity stage, and physiological maturity stage), and the study of thermal accumulation when cultivating the crop until maturity the genotypes are significant at the level of probability 1% for the number of spikes, the weight of a thousand grains, the biological yield, the grain yield, Spike weight, Spike length, Number of spike grains,the Sardar genotype was superior at the beginning of the flowering stage and half of the flowering with the least number of days, reaching (122.66 and 126.66) and in the stage of dough maturity, in the aqueous phase and the milky phase with the least number of days, with an average of (135.66, 142.33), and the stage of doughy maturity in the early phase and the late phase with the least number of days, with a value of (150.33, 157.33). The genotypes (Halio, Sham5, Simito) for the number of grains of the highest spike mean were (38.57, 38.02, 38.15) respectively, Crezo genotype for the spike weight with the highest peak, reaching 3.75, outweighed the genotype DW38 for the thousand grains with the highest peak, with a peak of 64. .41. plants needed to enter the flowering stage. The accumulated heat reached 349.5 °C, less than a quarter of the thermal collection. As for the accumulated heat of the milky maturity stage, 239.5 °C, it is less than a quarter of the thermal accumulation. The accumulated heat of the dough maturity stage, 241.0 °C, is less than a quarter of the thermal aggregation. The accumulated heat of the physiological maturity stage, 422.5°C, is less than a quarter of the thermal collection514.5 °C.