Evaluate Level of Serum Amyloid a As a Prognostic Marker for Predicting COVID-19 Severity in Iraqi Patients

Abstract

Background: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that causes the unique infectious disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first appeared in Wuhan and spread fast around the globe. Patients with COVID-19 who are critically unwell have a significant fatality rate. In order to identify their predictive significance in predicting the severity of disease, this study was conducted to evaluate the levels of human serum amyloid A (SAA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Methods: A total 120 COVID -19 patients serum samples were collected and healthy group (n=60) with age-matched, serum levels of cytokine and biomarkers were measured. Amyloid levels were measured by ELISA kit. Spectrophotometer techniques were used to monitor metabolic parameters. Age, BMI, elements, and electrolytes were analyzed along with the correlation coefficients between serum Amyloid A levels and these variables. Results: Serum Amyloid A, CRP, D-dimer and ferritin levels were significantly high in Patients with COVID-19 (110.25±3.99), (42.67±1.84), (4188.21±198.73) and (738±20.09) respectively, compared with healthy group (0.296±0.008), (3.36±0.25), (289.43±251) and (130.66±9.2) respectively, (P <0.001). The correlation of Amyloid A levels in COVID-19 patients was positively with age, CRP, D-dimer and ferritin levels but negatively with Iron, Ca and Na levels. The serum of Amyloid A levels in critical COVID-19 patients were significantly high compared with severe and moderate patients group. Conclusions: Serum Amyloid A levels as was creased in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, Amyloid A levels demonstrate a prognostic value for predicting the severity of COVID-19. Continuous SAA, results over the course of the study period revealed that the severe group's values were higher than those of the non-severe group.