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Farah Badri Abd Dhafar Najim Al-Ugaili Mohsen Hashim Risan

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a major hospital and community pathogen having the aptitude to cause a wide variety of infections in human. The biofilm production is an important phenomenon by bacteria such as S. aureus that contribute to the multiple drug resistance. Moreover, biofilm formation by multidrug-resistant S. aureus causes evading from immune responses and is recognized as one factor contributing to chronic or persistent infections. It was demonstrated that the ica-encoded genes lead to the biosynthesis of polysaccharide adhesion (PIA) molecules, and may be involved in the accumulation phase of biofilm formation. Different studies have shown the decisive role of the ica gene as virulence factors in staphylococcal infections. This study was carried out to detect biofilm formation and presence of several related genes among multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of S. aureus. One hundred and fifty different clinical samples were collected from various clinical sources and healthcare workers in Baghdad City. Isolates were identified by conventional methods (cultural, microscopic and biochemical tests) in addition to the identification by the VITEKĀ® 2 Compact and fifty isolates were recorded as Staphylococcus aureus. The antibiotic susceptibility profile for the isolates were tested against twelve antibiotics that belonged to different classes using disc diffusion method (Beta-lactam, lincosamide, macrolides, aminoglycoside, quinolones, ansamycins, tetracyclines, glycopeptides). The S. aureus isolates that showed multi-drug resistance against the tested antibiotics were further tested for their ability to produce biofilm using micro-titer plate methods. Sixteen isolates were resistant to more than six antibiotics and recorded as strong and moderate biofilm producers; these isolates were further tested using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique to detect the presence of icaABCD genes using specific primers. The results revealed that all the tested S. aureus isolates were identified to have these genes.

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